Design a Cloud IDE

Design a cloud-based IDE similar to Replit or GitHub Codespaces. Users can write code, manage files, run terminal commands, and see real-time output—all in the browser without local setup. This problem tests your ability to design systems with resource management, real-time streaming, and multi-tenancy isolation. The core challenges are VM/container lifecycle management and efficient terminal output streaming at scale.

This walkthrough follows the Interview Framework. Use it as a guide, not a script—adapt based on interviewer cues.